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- Announcing Stego 1.0a2
- The First Steganography Tool For The Macintosh
- by Romana Machado of Paradigm Shift Research
- 11/28/93
-
- What is steganography?
-
- Steganography is a method by which a message can be
- disguised by making it appear to be something else. It derives
- from two Greek roots. "Stego-" means "roof", or "cover".
- It is the same root used in "stegosaur", called a "roof lizard"
- because of the large bony plates that decorate its back.
- "-graphy" means writing.
- "Steganography" means covert writing.
-
- What is Stego?
-
- Stego is a tool that enables you to embed data in, and retrieve
- data from, Macintosh PICT format files, without changing the
- appearance or size of the PICT file. Though its effect is visually
- undetectable, do not expect cryptographic security from Stego.
- Be aware that anyone with a copy of Stego can retrieve your
- data from your PICT file. Stego can be used as an "envelope"
- to hide a _previously encrypted_ data file in a PICT file,
- making it much less likely to be detected.
-
- How does Stego work?
-
- Stego works by slightly altering pixel values. Every computer
- graphics image is made up of an array of tiny dots of color,
- called pixels. The color of each pixel is determined by its pixel
- value, a number. In a computer, all numbers, and all data are
- expressed by sequences of bits. The number of bits used to express
- the pixel value indicates the range of possible colors
- available in that image. For example, in an 8 bit computer graphics
- image, each pixel’s color is determined by a sequence of 8 bits.
- The first bit in the sequence is called the "most significant bit",
- because it affects the pixel value the most, and the last bit in the
- sequence is called the "least significant bit", because it affects
- the pixel value the least. Stego hides data by reading your data
- file one bit at a time, and copying each bit to the least
- significant bit of each pixel value as it scans across the image.
-
- Stego Tips
-
- Stego can hide data in 8, 16, and 32 bit Macintosh PICT files.
- Stego can hide data from the data fork of Macintosh files only.
- If you need to steg something that has resources, use a utility
- like BinHex, or an encryption or compression utility, to
- convert it to a binary data file first.
-
- Stego Commands
-
- Open... will only display PICT files. When you select a file,
- Stego displays it with an info window across the top that tells
- you how much data can be stegged into the file.
-
- Steg... becomes enabled when a PICT file is open. It allows you
- to choose any type of file to steg, and informs you if the file has
- resources, or if it will not fit in the PICT file.
-
- Unsteg... also becomes enabled when a PICT file is open. It
- asks you to specify an output file, and unstegs the data in the
- least significant bits of the PICT file. It will produce an output
- file even if nothing's been previously stegged into the file.
-
- Change File Info... This function allows you to change the file
- type and creator of any file, and is enabled when no PICT file is
- currently open. You may need to change the file type and
- creator of your data file back to what they were before your file
- was stegged, because Stego does not save file type and creator.
- The default output file of Stego is a TeachText file, with a file
- type of 'TEXT' and a file creator of 'ttxt', so that if you double-
- click on a Stego output file, TeachText will launch and display
- it. If you're in doubt whether you need this function, you can
- experiment by using the Change File Info... command to look
- at the file type and creator of your data file before you steg
- your data file, then unstegging to an output file, closing the
- PICT file, and using the Change File Info... command to set the
- file type and creator back to what they were originally. (Using
- BinHex on the file, as described under "Stego Tips" above, will
- also preserve type and creator information.)
-
-
- Good News
-
- I plan to release the code for Stego, but it is not fully groomed
- yet. In the mean time,it is available on request. Stego may be
- expanded to handle other image formats, and other digital
- media: audio, video, etc.
-
- Output file type and creator defaults will be configurable in the
- next release. The next release will be able to steg and unsteg
- PICT resources in Macintosh files. I would like to hear your
- suggestions for further development of Stego.
-
- I have heard that new versions of PGP are being developed
- that can produce cyphertext that does not have the telltale
- headers and footers attached to the cyphertext, which would
- make cyphertext less detectable when stegged into a carrier.
- Meanwhile, other encryption programs exist that can produce
- cyphertext that appears to be nothing more than a collection of
- random numbers. This kind of file is ideal for stegging.
-
- Technical Notes
-
- Stego rasterizes the image, then stegs data into the least
- significant bit (or LSB) of each of the RGB color values. (In the
- case of indexed color, Stego stegs data into the LSB of the index
- values.) The file length of the data file to be stegged is hidden
- in the LSB's of the first 32 steggable bytes. To disguise this
- value somewhat, I take the second to least significant bits of the
- second 32 steggable bytes and XOR these with the 32 bit file
- length, and then steg the XOR'd file length into the LSB's of the
- first 32 steggable bytes.
-
- Where Can I Get Stego?
- Stego is now available via anonymous ftp from
- ghost.dsi.unimi.it and nic.funet.fi.
- Stego should soon be available via anonymous ftp from sumex-
- aim.stanford.edu. A text file containing abstracts of all
- available files is available in the info-mac/help/ directory.
- Stego should also available via anonymous ftp from
- soda.berkeley.edu. If for some reason you can’t find
- it in these locations, mail me $15.00 and your physical
- or email address I will send it to you.
-
- Don't Forget!
-
- Stego is shareware. You can help to support further
- development by sending $15.00 or any stegosaur to:
-
- Romana Machado
- 19672 Stevens Creek Blvd. Box 127
- Cupertino, CA 95014
-
-
- Bugs? Questions?
- EMail: romana@apple.com
-